Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common infection caused by an imbalance in the normal bacteria of the vagina. The vagina naturally hosts various bacteria, but if the levels of certain bacteria rise or fall, this can disrupt the balance and lead to infections like BV.

BV affects around 23-29% of women of reproductive age globally, particularly those aged 18 to 50 who are sexually active. While BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual activity is the main risk factor.

Common symptoms of bacterial vaginosis (BV) include:

• Unusual vaginal discharge
• A strong, fishy-smelling discharge
• Discharge that changes in color or consistency
• A burning sensation when urinating
• Increased vaginal discharge during sex or menstruation

Some women with BV may have no symptoms at all.

While BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), sexual activity can trigger it. For example, BV can be passed between women through sexual contact or sharing sex toys. Additionally, having BV increases the likelihood of contracting an STI, as the infection makes the vagina less acidic, weakening its natural defense against infections.

Because bacterial vaginosis (BV) shares symptoms with other infections, it can be easily confused with conditions like thrush or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Here’s how BV compares to these common issues:

BV vs Thrush

Thrush is a yeast infection caused by the growth of the Candida fungus. Though it’s often confused with bacterial vaginosis, they are different in terms of causes and symptoms.

BV vs STIs

BV can mimic symptoms of some STIs, but it doesn’t typically cause pain, irritation, or itching in or around the vagina. However, BV does increase the risk of contracting an STI. This is because BV reduces the natural acidity of the vagina, which weakens its defense against harmful bacteria and infections, including STIs.