Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic commonly used to treat lower urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis.

As the first-choice treatment for uncomplicated UTIs, it often provides symptom relief within 2 to 3 days.

When you take nitrofurantoin, it filters from your blood into your urine, where it directly targets and destroys the bacteria causing the infection by damaging their genetic material.

Nitrofurantoin is specifically designed to treat infections in the urinary tract, such as bladder and kidney infections, but it is not effective for bacterial infections elsewhere in the body.

Effectiveness of Nitrofurantoin

Research shows nitrofurantoin is highly effective for treating acute uncomplicated cystitis. In one study, an 84% cure rate was observed with a 5-day course of nitrofurantoin, compared to 79% for trimethoprim. Additional studies report cure rates ranging from 79% to 92%.

While nitrofurantoin resistance is relatively rare (less than 3%), some cases may require alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics if the infection persists. If your symptoms do not improve or worsen, consult your doctor for further evaluation and treatment options.

Always take nitrofurantoin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. They will determine the dosage and duration based on your specific condition.

Usual Dosage:

• To treat a UTI: 2 x 100mg capsules, twice a day
• To prevent a UTI: 1 x 100mg capsule before bedtime

How to Take Nitrofurantoin:

• Swallow the capsules whole with food or milk, as this helps improve its effectiveness and reduces the risk of side effects.
• Space your doses evenly throughout the day.
• Take with food or milk to minimize side effects.

When to Take Nitrofurantoin:

• For treating cystitis: Take 2 x 100mg capsules twice a day, leaving 12 hours between doses (e.g., 8am and 8pm).
• For preventing cystitis: Take 1 x 100mg capsule just before bed.

Duration of Treatment:

• Typically, nitrofurantoin is prescribed for 3 to 7 days to treat a UTI. If the infection is severe, a longer course may be required. Follow your doctor’s advice on how long to take the medication.

If You Miss a Dose:

• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s nearly time for the next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule.
• Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed one.
• If you miss several doses, contact your doctor as it may reduce the effectiveness and increase the risk of recurrent infections.

Setting a reminder or alarm can help ensure you don’t miss a dose.

Who Should Not Take Nitrofurantoin?

Do not take nitrofurantoin if you:

• Are allergic to any of the ingredients in the capsule
• Have kidney disease that affects how your kidneys function
• Are in the third trimester of pregnancy (final stages)
• Have a blood disorder called porphyria
• Are deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
• Are breastfeeding a baby with a G6PD deficiency

Before Taking Nitrofurantoin, Tell Your Doctor If You:

• Are diabetic
• Have any illness that causes severe weakness
• Are anaemic
• Have a history of allergic reactions
• Have kidney problems
• Have lung disease

Nitrofurantoin and Pregnancy:

Nitrofurantoin can generally be used during pregnancy but should not be taken during the third trimester or during labor, as it may affect the baby.

Let your doctor know if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding before taking nitrofurantoin.

Nitrofurantoin and Alcohol:

While alcohol may not directly interact with nitrofurantoin, it is recommended to avoid alcohol while taking the medication. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects and may hinder your body's ability to clear the infection.

Nitrofurantoin and Driving:

Nitrofurantoin can cause drowsiness. If you experience sleepiness or dizziness, avoid driving or operating machinery until the symptoms subside.

At Superdrug Online Doctor, we offer alternative treatments for cystitis, including:

Fosfomycin Sachets:

A single-dose antibiotic treatment containing fosfomycin, prescribed if nitrofurantoin is not suitable for you. It is considered a second-line treatment.

At-Home Remedies for Cystitis Relief:

You can also try these remedies to manage symptoms or help prevent cystitis from returning:

• Painkillers: Over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen can be taken alongside nitrofurantoin to alleviate discomfort from cystitis.
• Cranberry Products: Some people use cranberry juice or supplements to help prevent recurrent cystitis, although there is no evidence to suggest it treats the infection once it’s active.
• Cystitis Sachets: Over-the-counter sachets containing potassium citrate or sodium citrate can help reduce urinary acidity, easing the discomfort associated with cystitis.

Unsure If You Have Cystitis?

If you’re unsure whether you have cystitis, you can request an at-home UTI TestCard. Simply collect a urine sample, use the test strips to check your sample, and use the TestCard app to receive your results within minutes.

Does Nitrofurantoin Affect Sleep?

Sleep disturbances are not a known side effect of nitrofurantoin. However, it can cause drowsiness or make you feel sleepy. In rare cases, it may lead to loss of consciousness. If you feel sleepy while taking nitrofurantoin, avoid driving or operating machinery until the symptoms subside.

Does Nitrofurantoin Change the Colour of Urine?

Nitrofurantoin can cause your urine to turn dark yellow or brown. This is temporary and will return to its normal colour once you've completed your course of medication.

What Food or Drink Should I Avoid When Taking Nitrofurantoin?

There are no specific foods or drinks to avoid while taking nitrofurantoin, though it’s recommended

• Common Questions about Nitrofurantoin – NHS [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Nitrofurantoin Overview – NIH [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Nitrofurantoin Capsules Information – EMC [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Nitrofurantoin: Properties and Potential in UTI Treatment – NIH [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Nitrofurantoin Resistance and Multidrug Resistance – PMC [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Short-Course Nitrofurantoin for Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis – JAMA [accessed 14 August 2024]
• Side Effects of Nitrofurantoin – NHS [accessed 14 August 2024]